Medical device communications network

ABSTRACT

A medical device communications network comprises a plurality of medical devices including either or both of a first number of surgical instruments and a second number of implants configured for subcutaneous implantation in a biological body. A corresponding plurality of wireless communication circuits are each mounted to a different one of the plurality of medical devices. Each of the plurality of wireless communication circuits is configured to broadcast medical device information relating to the medical device to which it is mounted and to receive information relating to any other of the plurality of medical devices. The network may or may not include a master wireless communications circuit configured to receive the medical device information broadcast by any of the plurality of slave wireless communication circuits and to broadcast the information relating to any other of the plurality of medical devices.

This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/025,402, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,560,969, filed on Feb. 11,2011, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 11/024,905, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,001,975, filed on Dec. 29,2004. The entirety of each of those applications are incorporated hereinby reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to systems for conductingwireless communications, and more specifically to such systems forcommunicating information relating to medical devices such as surgicalinstruments, medical implant devices, computer assisted surgery devices,and the like.

BACKGROUND

During the lifetime of a patient, it may be desirable to perform one ormore surgical procedures on the patent as a result of, for example,disease or trauma. A number of medical implants, surgical instrumentsand computer assisted surgery devices may be utilized during theperformance of such a procedure.

SUMMARY

The present invention may comprise one or more of the features recitedin the attached claims, and/or one or more of the following features andcombinations thereof. A medical device communications network maycomprise a plurality of medical devices including either or both of afirst number of surgical instruments and a second number of implantsconfigured for subcutaneous implantation in a living biological body,and a corresponding plurality of wireless communication circuits eachmounted to a different one of the plurality of medical devices. Each ofthe plurality of wireless communication circuits may be configured tobroadcast medical device information, wherein the medical deviceinformation relates to the medical device to which it is mounted, and toreceive information relating to any other of the plurality of medicaldevices. At least one of the first number of surgical instruments may becontrolled by a computer aided surgery device.

Each of the plurality of wireless communications circuits may include avisual indicator. Each of the plurality of wireless communicationscircuits may control operation of its corresponding visual indicatorbased on the information relating to any other of the plurality ofmedical devices. Each of the plurality of wireless communicationcircuits may be operable to activate its corresponding visual indicatorif the medical device to which it is mounted is incompatible with anyother of the plurality of medical devices. Alternatively oradditionally, each of the plurality of wireless communication circuitsmay be operable to activate its corresponding visual indicator if themedical device to which it is mounted is being used out of orderrelative to an established medical device usage sequence.

Alternatively or additionally, each of the plurality of wirelesscommunications circuits may include an audible indicator. Each of theplurality of wireless communications circuits may control operation ofits corresponding audible indicator based on the information relating toany other of the plurality of medical devices. Each of the plurality ofwireless communication circuits may be operable to activate itscorresponding audible indicator if the medical device to which it ismounted is incompatible with any other of the plurality of medicaldevices. Alternatively or additionally, each of the plurality ofwireless communication circuits may be operable to activate itscorresponding audible indicator if the medical device to which it ismounted is being used out of order relative to an established medicaldevice usage sequence.

In one embodiment, the network does not include a master communicationsdevice and instead information relating to any other of the plurality ofmedical devices includes the medical device information broadcast by anyother of the plurality of medical devices.

In another embodiment, each of the plurality of wireless communicationcircuits may be a slave wireless communication circuit. The network inthis embodiment may further include a master wireless communicationcircuit configured to receive the medical device information broadcastby any of the plurality of slave wireless communication circuits and tobroadcast the information relating to any other of the plurality ofmedical devices. Each of the slave wireless communication circuits mayinclude a visual or audible indicator operable as described above.Alternatively or additionally, the master wireless communicationscircuit may include a visual indicator. The master wirelesscommunications circuit may control operation of the visual indicatorbased on the information broadcast by any of the plurality of slavewireless communication circuits. The master wireless communicationcircuit may be operable to activate the visual indicator if any of theplurality of medical devices are incompatible with each other.Alternatively or additionally, the master wireless communication circuitmay be operable to activate the visual indicator if any of the pluralityof medical devices are used out of order relative to an establishedmedical device usage sequence. Alternatively or additionally, the masterwireless communications circuit may include an audible indicator. Themaster wireless communications circuit may control operation of theaudible indicator based on the information broadcast by any of theplurality of slave communication circuits. The master wirelesscommunication circuit may be operable to activate the audible indicatorif any of the plurality of medical devices are incompatible with eachother. Alternatively or additionally, the master wireless communicationcircuits may be operable to activate the audible indicator if any of theplurality of medical devices are used out of order relative to anestablished medical device usage sequence.

An additional wireless communication circuit may be introduced into thenetwork. The additional wireless communication network may be configuredto become the master communication circuit when introduced into thenetwork. If the network includes an existing master wirelesscommunication circuit, the existing master wireless communicationcircuit may then become another of the slave wireless communicationcircuits.

These and other features of the present invention will become moreapparent from the following description of the illustrative embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram of one illustrative embodiment of a medical devicecommunications network.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of another illustrative embodiment of medical devicecommunications network

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of one illustrative embodiment of awireless communication circuit carried by the one or more medicaldevices of the network of either of FIG. 1 or 2.

DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of theinvention, reference will now be made to a number of illustrativeembodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will beused to describe the same.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a diagrammatic illustration of one illustrativeembodiment of a wireless network environment 10 is shown in the contextof a portion of an operating room or other space for performing surgicalprocedures. In the illustrated embodiment, the wireless networkenvironment 10 includes a communications controller 12, a number, M, ofsurgical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M), and a number, N, of medical implants30 ₁-30 _(N), wherein M and N may each be any positive integer. Thecommunications controller 12 includes a wireless communications circuit13 having a wireless transceiver circuit 14 electrically connected toeither one, or both of, an audible indicator 16 and a visual indicator18. The audible indicator 16 may be any conventional electronicallyactuatable audible device responsive to an electrical activation signalto emit a natural or synthesized audible sound. Examples of conventionaldevices that may be used as the audible indicator 16 include, but arenot limited to, a bell, a buzzer, a chime, or any other audible deviceconfigured to produce a single one, series or sequence of sounds inresponse to the activation signal. The visual indicator 18 may likewisebe any conventional device responsive to an electrical activation signalto emit, produce or display a visible event. Examples of conventionaldevices that may be used as the visual indicator 18 include, but are notlimited to, one or more lamps, light emitting diodes (LEDs), vacuumfluorescent, liquid crystal or other types of displays, monitors or thelike.

Each of the number, M, of medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) includes awireless communications circuit 13 having a wireless transceiver circuit14 which may be electrically connected to either one, or both of, anaudible indicator 16 and a visual indicator 18, wherein the devices 14,16 and 18 may be as described hereinabove. Additionally, the wirelesstransceiver circuit 14 may be electrically coupled or connected to aninstrument drive mechanism 22 configured to control one or morefunctional operations of the medical instrument. The wirelesstransceiver circuits 14 carried by each of the number, M, of medicalinstruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) are configured to share information with thewireless transceiver circuit 14 of the communications controller 12 viacorresponding wireless communication paths 24 ₁-24 _(M). Any one or moreof the medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) may be controlled by a computeraided surgery device (not shown).

The number N of medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N) also have mounted theretoa wireless communication circuit 13 having a wireless transceivercircuit 14 which may be electrically connected to either one, or bothof, an audible indicator 16 and a visual indicator 18, wherein thedevices 14, 16 and 18 may be as described hereinabove. At any timeduring a surgical procedure, any one or more of the medical implants 30₁-30 _(N) may be resident within a living biological body 32, as shownby example for the medical implant 30 _(N) or may instead be external tothe biological body 32 as shown by example with the medical implant 30₁. In any case, the wireless transceiver circuits 14 of the medicalimplant 30 ₁-30 _(N) are configured to share information with thewireless transceiver circuit 14 of the communications controller 12 viacorresponding wireless communication paths 34 ₁-34 _(N). In theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the communications controller 12operates as a “master” or “hub” device and is accordingly operable in aconventional manner to receive all communications from any one or moreof the medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) and any one or more of themedical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N), and to selectively transmit informationback to any one or more of the medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) and/ormedical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N). The communications controller 12continuously performs device discovery by monitoring informationbroadcast by any one or more of the medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) andany one or more of the medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N). In thisconfiguration, each of the medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) and medicalimplants 30 ₁-30 _(N) are configured to continually broadcast a deviceidentification code (device ID) unique to that device, and thecommunications controller 12 is accordingly operable to continuallydetermine and monitor the presence of all medical instruments 20 ₁-20_(M) and medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N) that are within the wirelesscommunications network environment 10.

Examples of information that may be transmitted from any one or more ofthe medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) include, but are not limited tomedical instrument model, type and/or ID as well as any functionalinformation relating to the operability, operating state and/oroperating conditions of the medical instrument. Examples of such medicalinstrument functionality include, but are not limited to, batterycharge, estimated battery charge remaining, ON/OFF state of the medicalinstrument, operating speed of the medical instrument, or the like.Examples of information that may be transmitted to the wirelesscommunication module 14 of the communications controller 12 from any oneor more of the medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N) include, but are notlimited to implant model, type, ID, and the like.

The communications controller 12 is generally operable to monitor thetypes and sequences of the medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) and medicalimplants 30 ₁-30 _(N) used in a medical procedure to ensure thatappropriate instruments are matched with appropriate devices, and thatthe medical procedure being performed is carried out according to apredefined sequence of steps and/or that the medical instruments 20 ₁-20_(M) and/or medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N) are used in a predefinedsequence. The communications controller 12 is configured to provide anaudible or visual warning to the user, via any one or more of theaudible indicators 16 and/or visual indicators 18 associated with thecommunication controller 12 and/or appropriate ones of the medicalinstruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) and/or medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N), in any ofa number of scenarios. One example scenario may occur when, byprocessing information broadcast by the various medical instruments 20₁-20 _(M) and medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N), the communicationscontroller 12 determines that one or more of the medical instruments 20₁-20 _(M) and/or medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N) is/are incompatible withany one or more other ones of the medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M)and/or medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N). Another example scenario may occurwhen, by processing information broadcast by the various medicalinstruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) and medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N), thecommunications controller 12 determines that one of the medicalinstruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) and/or medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N) is beingused in an incorrect order, according to a specified medical deviceusage sequence or surgical technique, relative to the other ones of themedical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) and/or medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N).Other example scenarios will occur to those skilled in the art, and anysuch scenarios are contemplated by the present disclosure.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a diagrammatic illustration of anotherillustrative embodiment of a wireless network environment 10′ is shownin the context of a portion of an operating room or other space forperforming surgical procedures. In the illustrated embodiment, thewireless network environment 10′ includes a number, M, of surgicalinstruments 20 ₁-20 _(M), and a number, N, of medical implants 30 ₁-30_(N), wherein M and N may each be any positive integer.

Each of the number, M, of medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) includes awireless communications circuit 13 having a wireless transceiver circuit14 which may be electrically connected to either one, or both of, anaudible indicator 16 and a visual indicator 18, wherein the devices 14,16 and 18 may be as described hereinabove. Additionally, the wirelesstransceiver circuit 14 may be electrically coupled or connected to aninstrument drive mechanism 22 configured to control one or morefunctional operations of the medical instrument. The wirelesstransceiver circuits 14 carried by each of the number, M, of medicalinstruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) are configured to broadcast and receiveinformation via corresponding wireless communication paths 52 ₁-52 _(M).Any one or more of the medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) may becontrolled by a computer aided surgery device (not shown).

The number N of medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N) also have mounted theretoa wireless communication circuit 13 having a wireless transceivercircuit 14 which may be electrically connected to either one, or bothof, an audible indicator 16 and a visual indicator 18, wherein thedevices 14, 16 and 18 may be as described hereinabove. At any timeduring a surgical procedure, any one or more of the medical implants 30₁-30 _(N) may be resident within a living biological body 32, as shownby example for the medical implant 30 _(N) or may instead be external tothe biological body 32 as shown by example with the medical implant 30₁. In any case, the wireless transceiver circuits 14 of the medicalimplant 30 ₁-30 _(N) are configured to broadcast and receive informationvia corresponding wireless communication paths 54 ₁-54 _(N).

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the wireless networkenvironment 10′ does not include a master or hub device, and insteadeach of the medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) are configured to receiveinformation broadcast by any one or more of the medical implants 30 ₁-30_(N), and vice versa. In this configuration, each of the medicalinstruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) and medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N) is configuredto continually broadcast a device identification code (device ID) uniqueto that device, and all others of the medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M)and medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N) within the wireless networkenvironment 10′ are configured to receive the broadcast ID information.Examples of information that may be transmitted from any one or more ofthe medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) and medical implants 30 ₁-20 _(N)include, but are not limited to medical instrument model, type and/orID.

The wireless network illustrated in FIG. 2 is generally operable tomonitor the types and sequences of the medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M)and medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N) used in a medical procedure to ensurethat appropriate instruments are matched with appropriate devices, andthat the medical procedure being performed is carried out according to apredefined sequence of steps and/or that the medical instruments 20 ₁-20_(M) and/or medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N) are used in a predefinedsequence. Each of the wireless communication circuits 13 is configuredto broadcast information relating to the medical instrument 20 ₁-20 _(M)or medical implant 30 ₁-30 _(N) to which it is mounted, and to receiveinformation relating to any other of the medical instrument 20 ₁-20 _(M)or medical implant 30 ₁-30 _(N). Each of the wireless communicationcircuits 13 carried by the various medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) andmedical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N) is configured to provide an audible orvisual warning to the user, via a corresponding audible indicator 16and/or visual indicators 18, in any of a number of scenarios. Oneexample scenario may occur when the wireless communication circuit 13 ofany one or more of the medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) and/or medicalimplants 30 ₁-30 _(N) determines that the associated medical instrument20 ₁-20 _(M) or medical implant 30 ₁-30 _(N) is incompatible with anyone or more other ones of the medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) and/ormedical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N). Another example scenario may occur whenthe wireless communication circuit 13 of any one or more of the medicalinstruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) and/or medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N) determinesthat one of the medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) and/or medical implants30 ₁-30 _(N) is being used in an incorrect order, according to aspecified medical device usage sequence or surgical technique, relativeto the other ones of the medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) and/or medicalimplants 30 ₁-30 _(N). Other example scenarios will occur to thoseskilled in the art, and any such scenarios are contemplated by thepresent disclosure.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a schematic diagram of one illustrativeembodiment of the wireless communications circuit 13 of FIGS. 1 and 2 isshown. Central to the wireless communication circuit 13 is a wirelesstransceiver circuit 14 including a transceiver circuit 60 operable tobroadcast information using conventional wireless communicationstechnology. The transceiver circuit 60 may be, for example, an nRF241E1,2.4 GHz RF transceiver/transmitter that is commercially availablethrough Nordic Semi-Conductor ASA of Tiller, Norway, although thepresent disclosure contemplates that the transceiver circuit 60 mayalternatively be any known transceiver circuit capable of broadcastinginformation in the radio frequency range (e.g., 402-405 MHz or so-calledMICS band) or other frequency range including, but not limited to, subradio frequencies, or other conventional protocols including, but notlimited to, Bluetooth®, ZigBee®, Wi-Fi, Wireless USB, and the like. Thetransceiver circuit 60 operates at a supply voltage, VDD, and at a clockfrequency generated by a conventional crystal 68. The crystal 68 in theillustrated embodiment is a 16 MHz crystal, although crystals operatingat other clock frequencies may be used.

The wireless transceiver circuit 14 further includes a voltage sourcesupplying the operating voltage VDD. In one embodiment, for example, thevoltage source may be provided in the form of a conventional secondarycoil circuit 62 configured to inductively couple to a conventionalprimary coil circuit. In this embodiment, the secondary coil circuitincludes a conventional secondary inductive coil that is electricallyconnected to a conventional AC-to-DC conversion circuit. When anenergized primary coil (not shown) inductively couples with thesecondary coil, an AC voltage is induced in the secondary coil accordingto known physical principles. The induced AC voltage is converted to thesupply voltage, VDD, by the AC-to-DC conversion circuit. This DC voltagemay be supplied directly to the VDD supply line (e.g., VDD0 and VSS2),or may alternatively be provided to a rechargeable voltage source 64interposed between the secondary coil circuit 62 and the operatingvoltage supply line as shown in phantom in FIG. 3. In the former case,the wireless transceiver circuit 14 has no internal voltage source, andmay be activated for operation only when the secondary coil circuit 14is inductively coupled to an activated primary coil circuit. Such asupply voltage arrangement will typically be implemented with thewireless communication circuits 13 mounted to any one or more of themedical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N). In the latter case, the rechargeablevoltage source 64 is operable to produce the operating voltage, VDD, forsome time period between recharging events. When this embodiment isimplemented in any of the wireless communication circuits 13 mounted toany one or more of the medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N), however, thesecondary coil circuit 62 must be periodically coupled to an activatedprimary coil circuit so that the secondary coil circuit 62 produces theDC supply voltage, VDD, for a sufficient time to recharge therechargeable voltage source 64. The wireless communication circuit 13mounted to any of the medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) and/or carried bythe communications controller 12, need not include the secondary coilcircuit 62, and may instead include only a conventional rechargeable ornon-rechargeable voltage source supplying the supply voltage, VDD. Thewireless communication circuits 13 mounted to the various medicalinstruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) and medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N) are, in oneembodiment, configured to be mounted to the devices in a manner thatallows for repeated attachment and detachment of the circuits 13 fromtheir respective devices to facilitate cleaning, sterilization, etc. ofthe various medical instruments 20 ₁-20 _(M) and medical implants 30₁-30 _(N). This feature further allows the circuits 13 to be removedfrom their respective medical implants 30 ₁-30 _(N), if desired, afterimplantation thereof.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 wherein the transceiver circuit60 is a nRF241E1, 2.4 GHz RF transceiver/transmitter produced by NordicSemi-Conductor, such a transceiver circuit does not include sufficientmemory for storage of program code and/or any generated data.Accordingly, a separate memory circuit 66 is provided for the purpose ofstoring one or more executable algorithms and/or storing data. In theillustrative embodiment, the memory circuit 66 is a 4.0 Kbyte serialEEPROM that is commercially available through any number ofsemiconductor manufacturers. In other embodiments, the transceivercircuit 60 may include sufficient on-board memory, in which case thememory circuit 66 may be omitted.

In the illustrated embodiment, the wireless transceiver circuit 14 isconfigured for short-range wireless communication, and in this regard asingle-ended antenna 70 is connected via a differential-to-single endedmatching network, comprising L1, L2, C3-C4 and C11-C13 to differentialantenna inputs, ANT1 and ANT2, of the transceiver circuit 60. In theillustrated embodiment, the antenna 70 is a 50 OHM antenna that may beimplemented in any variety of known antenna configurations.

The wireless communication circuit 13 may include one or more sensorsproducing sensor signals indicative of one or more correspondingoperating conditions of the medical device with which the wirelesscommunication circuit 13 is associated. For example, the wirelesscommunication circuit 13 may be mounted to a medical implant, asillustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, that is then subsequently implanted intoliving biological tissue. In this case, one or more sensors may besuitably positioned relative to the medical implant to provide one ormore corresponding sensor signals indicative of one or morecorresponding operating characteristics of the implant. Examples of suchoperating characteristics may include, but are not limited to,temperature, load, strain, torque and the like. As another example, thewireless communication circuit 13 may be mounted to a surgicalinstrument as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. In this case, one or moresensors may be suitably positioned relative to the surgical instrumentto provide one or more corresponding sensor signals indicative of one ormore corresponding operating parameters of the surgical instrument.Alternatively or additionally, the surgical instrument may be part of acomputer assisted surgery device, and may in such cases be controlled bythe computer assisted surgery device. In such cases, one or more sensorsmay be suitably positioned relative to the surgical instrument and/orone or more of the computer assisted surgery components to provide oneor more corresponding sensor signals indicative of one or morecorresponding operating parameters of the computer assisted surgerydevice. In either case, examples of such operating parameters mayinclude, but are not limited to, instrument (e.g., saw, drill, etc.)speed, implement position, implement operating direction, instrumentoperating temperature, and the like. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 3, the wireless communication circuit 13 may include a generaloperating condition sensor 72 as shown in phantom, which may be orinclude any sensor of the foregoing type that is electrically connectedto one of the analog inputs, e.g., AIN0, of the transceiver circuit 60.Sensory data produced by the sensor 72 may be routed by the transceivercircuit 60 to the memory circuit 66 for storage therein and subsequentwireless transmission via the antenna 70 within the wirelesscommunication network illustrated in either of FIGS. 1 and 2.Alternatively, the transceiver circuit 60 may be operable to transmitthe sensory data in real time via the antenna 70 in a conventionalmanner.

The wireless communication circuit 13 may further include either one orboth of an audible indicator 16 and a visual indicator 18 of the typesdescribed hereinabove. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, anaudible indicator 16 may be electrically connected to a digital oranalog output (e.g., DI03) of the transceiver circuit 60 and the visualindicator 18 may also be electrically connected to a digital or analogoutput (e.g., DI04) of the transceiver circuit 60. The transceivercircuit 60 is operable to control operation of the audible indicator 16and/or visual indicator 18, as described hereinabove, in a conventionalmanner.

The remaining electrical components illustrated in FIG. 3 are providedto support operation of the transceiver circuit 60 and memory circuit66. Typical values of the illustrated components for one specificimplementation of the wireless communication circuit 13 are provided inthe following Table 1. In this specific implementation of the wirelesscommunication circuit 13, the rechargeable voltage source 64 is notincluded, and the operating condition sensor 72 is implemented as asingle temperature sensor. It will be understood that such componentvalues are provided only way of example, and that other component valuesmay be used.

TABLE 1 Component Physical Identification Description Size ValueTolerance Units C1 Ceramic Capacitor, 0603/0402 22 ±5% pF 50 V, NPO C2Ceramic Capacitor, 0603/0402 22 ±5% pF 50 V, NPO C3 Ceramic Capacitor,0603/0402 22 ±5% pF 50 V, NPO C4 Ceramic Capacitor, 0603/0402 2.2 ±10%nF 50 V, X7R C5 Ceramic Capacitor, 0603/0402 1.0 ±10% nF 50 V, X7R C6Ceramic Capacitor, 0603/0402 10 ±10% nF 50 V, X7R C7 Ceramic Capacitor,0603/0402 10 ±10% nF 50 V, X7R C8 Ceramic Capacitor, 0603/0402 1.0 ±10%nF 50 V, X7R C9 Ceramic Capacitor, 0603/0402 1.0 ±10% nF 50 V, X7R C10Ceramic Capacitor, 0603/0402 33 ±10% nF 50 V, X7R C11 Ceramic Capacitor,0603/0402 1.0 ±0.25 pF pF 50 V, NPO C12 Ceramic Capacitor, 0603/0402 1.0±0.25 pF pF 50 V, NPO C13 Ceramic Capacitor, 0603/0402 1.5 ±0.25 pF pF50 V, NPO C14 Ceramic Capacitor, 0603/0402 10 ±10% nF 50 V, X7R L1Inductor, wire wound 0603/0402 3.6 ±5% nH L2 Inductor, wire wound0603/0402 22 ±5% nH R1 Resistor 0603/0402 1.0 ±1% Mohm R2 Resistor0603/0402 22 ±1% Kohm R3 Resistor 0603/0402 10 ±1% Kohm R4 Resistor0603/0402 10 ±1% Kohm 60 nRF241E1 (Nordic QFN36/ VLSI) 6 × 6 66 4 Kbyteserial SO8 2XX320 EEPROM with SPI interface 68 Crystal, C_(L) = 12 pF, L× W × H = 16  +/−30 ppm MHz ESR <100 ohm 4.0 × 2.5 × 0.8 72 LM62 2.7 V,15.6 mV/° C. SOT-23 Temperature Sensor (National Semiconductor)

While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in theforegoing drawings and description, the same is to be considered asillustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood thatonly illustrative embodiments thereof have been shown and described andthat all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of theinvention are desired to be protected. For example, the presentdisclosure contemplates that either of the networks illustrated anddescribed with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2 may be configured in a knownmanner to recognize the introduction of a “superior” master device, suchas another controller or computer assisted surgery (CAS) device into thenetwork field or environment 10 or 10′. In such cases, the “superior”master device will assume control over the communications in the samemanner as described hereinabove with respect to the communicationscontroller 12. In networks that have a communications controller 12, thesuperior master device will assume control and the controller 12 will berelegated to the status of a slave wireless communication circuitsimilar to the wireless communication circuits 13 mounted to the variousmedical devices 20 ₁-20 _(M) and 30 ₁-30 _(N). This feature allows anewly introduced wireless communication device or controller with one ormore superior or desirable features to assume control of thecommunications environment. Examples of some such superior or desirablefeatures include, but are not limited to, superior data processingpower, longer battery life, or other desirable metric.

1-3. (canceled)
 4. A method of performing an orthopaedic surgicalprocedure, the method comprising: introducing a surgical instrumentconfigured for use in surgically preparing a patient's bone to receive amedical implant configured for implantation in the patient's body into amedical device communications network, introducing the medical implantinto the medical device communications network, monitoring a status of ahuman perceptible indicator operable to change in response to at leastone of the surgical instrument and the medical implant being introducedout of sequence relative to a predetermined usage sequence, and removingat least one of the surgical instrument and the medical implant inresponse to the status of the human perceptible indicator changing,wherein the human perceptible indicator is one of a visual indicator andan audible indicator.
 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:introducing a second medical implant configured for implantation in thepatient's body into the medical device communications network.
 6. Themethod of claim 4, further comprising introducing a second surgicalinstrument configured for use in surgically preparing the patient's boneto receive the medical implant into a medical device communicationsnetwork.
 7. The method of claim 4, wherein introducing a surgicalinstrument into a medical device communications network includeswirelessly connecting a first wireless communication circuit mounted onthe surgical instrument to the medical device communications network,and wherein introducing a medical implant into a medical devicecommunications network includes wirelessly connecting a second wirelesscommunication circuit mounted on the medical implant to the medicaldevice communications network.
 8. A method of performing an orthopaedicsurgical procedure, the method comprising: introducing a surgicalinstrument configured for use in surgically preparing a patient's boneto receive a medical implant configured for implantation in thepatient's body into a medical device communications network, introducingthe medical implant into the medical device communications network,monitoring a status of a human perceptible indicator operable to changein response to the surgical instrument and the medical implant beingincompatible with each other, and removing at least one of the surgicalinstrument and the medical implant in response to the status of thehuman perceptible indicator changing, wherein the human perceptibleindicator is one of a visual indicator and an audible indicator.
 9. Themethod of claim 8, further comprising introducing a second medicalimplant configured for implantation in the patient's body into themedical device communications network.
 10. The method of claim 8,further comprising introducing a second surgical instrument configuredfor use in surgically preparing the patient's bone to receive themedical implant into a medical device communications network.
 11. Themethod of claim 8, wherein introducing a surgical instrument into amedical device communications network includes wirelessly connecting afirst wireless communication circuit mounted on the surgical instrumentto the medical device communications network, and wherein introducing amedical implant into a medical device communications network includeswirelessly connecting a second wireless communication circuit mounted onthe medical implant to the medical device communications network.
 12. Amethod of performing an orthopaedic surgical procedure, the methodcomprising: introducing at least one of (i) a first surgical instrumentconfigured for use in surgically preparing a patient's bone to receive amedical implant, and (ii) a first medical implant configured forimplantation in the patient's body into the medical devicecommunications network, monitoring a status of a human perceptibleindicator operable to change in response to at least one of the firstsurgical instrument and the first medical implant being incompatible orout sequence, according to a predetermined usage sequence, with at leastone of a second surgical instrument and a second medical implant, andremoving at least one of the first surgical instrument and the firstmedical implant in response to the status of the human perceptibleindicator changing, wherein the at least of one the second surgicalinstrument and the second medical implant are present in the medicaldevice communications network prior to introducing to the at least oneof the first surgical instrument and the first medical implant into themedical device communications network, and wherein the human perceptibleindicator is one of a visual indicator and an audible indicator.
 13. Themethod of claim 12, further comprising introducing at least one of athird surgical instrument and a third medical implant into a medicaldevice communications network.